Concepts

What Is A Study?

A study is a typed specification of empirical intent: hypotheses, factors, conditions, outcomes, and execution budget. It is the unit that ties method to execution artifacts.

Hypotheses and Outcomes

Hypotheses define expected effects. Outcomes define what is measured. Analysis plans bind hypotheses and outcomes so interpretation contracts are explicit before execution.

Each relationship has one source of truth. AnalysisPlan.hypothesis_ids binds hypotheses to plans, and OutcomeSpec.primary classifies an outcome. Study.primary_outcomes and Study.secondary_outcomes are derived, read-only views over the outcome definitions. Serialized studies from older releases that contain the former duplicate fields remain loadable when the values agree; contradictory metadata is rejected.

Factors and Levels

Factors represent manipulated or observed variables. Levels define the concrete values used to materialize run conditions.

Blocks and Replications

Blocking controls nuisance variation. Replications support stability estimation and reduce sensitivity to one-off stochastic runs.

Admissible Conditions

Constraints determine which factor combinations are valid. Condition generation is therefore methodological filtering, not just combinatorics.

DOE Builders

The package includes multiple design builders (for example full factorial, latin hypercube, and fractional two-level forms). The right choice depends on the question, budget, and expected interactions.

Use DesignSpec and DesignKind for Python-authored studies. Mapping payloads remain supported at the YAML/JSON boundary and are normalized to a typed DesignSpec when loaded.

Execution Modes

Most studies bind agents to problems. Pure simulations can instead pass a ConditionRunner to run_study. The callback receives the deterministic RunSpec and materialized Condition and returns RunOutput. The normal runner still owns failure isolation, checkpointing, resume, progress, and canonical artifact export; standalone studies do not need placeholder problem or agent identifiers.

Artifacts and Manifests

Canonical exports (study definitions, run tables, event tables, evaluation rows, and manifests) are designed to feed downstream analysis and reporting without ad-hoc schema translation. See Artifact Contract for the file-level guarantees and versioning rules.

The public compatibility promise lives at the file-contract level. Internal checkpoint or cache details are intentionally outside that boundary unless they are promoted into Artifact Contract.

Control-Layer Role

Problems and Agents are peer study inputs. Experiments owns study design, coordinates their execution, and defines the artifact handoff to Analysis. This control topology describes responsibility, not a linear package ordering; it is where methodological rigor enters the software stack.